Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Gardasil And Infertility

Concern about infertility after HPV vaccination developed after case series were published describing the onset of primary ovarian insufficiency POI also known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause within 12 months after vaccination in 6 young women from 13 to 21 years of age. Birth rates per 1000 females aged 25-29 fell from 118 in 2007 to 105 in 2015.

New Lawsuit Alleges Merck S Gardasil Hpv Vaccine Caused Infertility Seizures Opinion Lifesite

According to Phoenixs insider a male-specific COVID-19 vaccine has also been developed using GnRH and results in decreased testicular sizedrop of testosterone levels and marked atrophy of.

Gardasil and infertility. Months later many girls started falling ill and by 2010 five of them died. All three HPV vaccines went through years of extensive safety testing before it was licensed by the FDA which only licenses a vaccine if it is safe effective and the benefits outweigh any risks. And the myth that HPV vaccine causes infertility through primary ovarian insufficiency debunked.

Human papillomavirus HPV vaccine is used to prevent sexually transmitted HPV infections and cervical cancers. 32 Girls Have Died 11916 adverse events already reported to. Human papillomavirus HPV is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause genital warts cancer of the cervix anal cancer various cancers of the vulva vagina oropharynx the middle part of the throat or head and neck.

When I originally wrote my Gardasil. The vaccine used was Gardasil manufactured by Merck. Add to it that some are concerned that Gardasil contains Polysorbate 80 which is linked to infertility.

Shortly after the vaccine was licensed several reports of recipients experiencing prima. The data does not give the HPV vaccine as the cause of infertility but after accounting for others factors like income ethnicity marital status and education women who received the vaccine were 25 less likely to have conceived. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Two more deaths were reported from Vadodara Gujarat where an estimated. 12 2021 -- Theres no evidence that the new vaccines against COVID-19 cause infertility yet thats a worry thats been cited by some health care workers as a reason theyre. 9 10 POI is characterized by either the.

Gardasil 9 human papillomavirus HPV vaccine is used in both females and males. To top things off Gardasil is expensive. One factor may involve the vaccination against the human papillomavirus HPV.

Co-author Julianne Gee is an epidemiologist at the US. Many involve symptoms like muscle weakness and paralysis tingling or painful sensations in limbs dizziness racing heartbeats vertigo nausea and exhaustion. It was administered to around 16000 girls in the district many of whom stayed in state government-run hostels meant for tribal students.

The Gardasil HPV vaccine has been proved to have caused the deaths of 32 women. 8 2013 -- Two Wisconsin women are in federal court today alleging that Gardasil caused them to go into early menopause and become infertile but doctors say such claims arent rooted in science. Gardasil 9 vaccine is used in girls and.

Gardasil is safe it prevents HPV and it prevents cancer. At 400 its VERY expensive. HPV can affect fertility in both men and women.

Birth rates in the United States have recently fallen. Human papillomavirus or HPV is the name for a group of viruses transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. People who are not vaccinated and contract HPV may experience future fertility.

Oddly enough despite the articles hysterical tone it wasnt written by NNs big macher himself Mike Adams. Ive blogged about this in the past and I still cant believe that this giant experiment continues. While the safety of these vaccines is well-established this.

While this will not cause infertility or difficulty becoming pregnant it can lead to cervical insufficiency which can cause your cervix to widen and thin before your pregnancy has come to term. The safety of HPV vaccine has been well studied. So much so that state budgets that fund to supply immunizations to children are now stretched past their limit.

Why Do I Have Gynecomastia

Expert Help is Available. A-Z guide on gynecomastia covering statistics causes types diagnosis and natural treatment options to get rid of gynecomastia.

Male Breast Reduction How Can I Get Rid Of Gynecomastia Fast

Are you experiencing hormonal changes.

Why do i have gynecomastia. True gynecomastia is an enlargement of the breast tissue in a man as a result of hormonal imbalances. Some causes of true gynecomastia. Look at your health history.

Many men are completely confused as to whether or not they have gyno and its not fair. 4 Ways To Know If You Have Gyno. All men and women have breast glands but they are not noticeable in men because they tend to be.

The paper I published in the Journal of Plastic Surgery was my attempt to change the. So many gynecomastia patients have shared with me the self-consciousness embarrassment. Causes Types Diagnosis Treatment Options.

They often grow unevenly. A noticeable sign of gynecomastia is the subtle presence of excessive tissue around the nipple region or exaggerated enlargement of the breasts. 5 Ways to Know the Difference 1.

1802 Posts 156 Topics Last post by SideSet in Re. Treating pseudogynecomastia can be as simple as dropping a few pounds and leaning up a little. Obesity is the leading cause of gynecomastia because by.

How to Identify if You Have Gynecomastia or Chest Fat. Medication including some treatments for gastric ulcer depression or heart problems. My story from age 11 on August 02 2019 04.

It is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone estrogen and the male hormone testosterone. Gynecomastia Basics Lifestyle and Social Concerns. Gynecomastia can also be caused by other conditions medications or recreational drugs.

Gynecomastia is an overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys. Assessing Your Risk of Gynecomastia 1. Certain types of prescription drugs can cause gynecomastia.

Some men are at a higher risk of developing gynecomastia than others. On the surface it might seem like chest fat and gynecomastia are the. If youre overweight youre also more likely to have excess fat that can enlarge the breast tissue.

Note any medications you are taking. 6708 Posts 1008 Topics Last post by meiningen15 in Re. The breasts swell and become abnormally large.

Members diaries of life with Gynecomastia. Do I Have Gynecomastia. Surgical Treatment for Gynecomastia.

Pubertal or adolescent gynecomastia. From then to now on Today at 112644 AM User Diaries. If you have a story you wish to share about your Gynecomastia experience please make a post here.

Being very overweight obesity is a common cause of gynaecomastia this is because being overweight can increase levels of oestrogen which can cause breast tissue to grow. This is completely different from pseudogynecomastia which is the accumulation of fatty tissue around the chest. Primary Causes of Gynecomastia.

If these are present true gynecomastia becomes more likely. Other things may cause it as well. Quite often they just dont understand why they have this problem more than other men in the world.

The breasts become larger. Gynecomastia is often caused from something going wrong with your hormones and they just seem to go out of balance. Let me tell you that other men and other cultures across the world do have Gynecomastia issues but yes there is an increase of indian men with Gynecomastia and Indian men do suffer these problems a little more than people in other parts of the world.

An in-depth guide about the phenomena of breast tissue growth in teenage boys called pubertal gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is a condition that makes breast tissue swell in boys and men. Gynecomastia can occur at any age but it often happens first during puberty when your hormones are all over the place says Dr.

All males breasts undergo some development so every. Gynecomastia is a common condition in men and boys. Gynecomastia in teenagers can be caused by a number of reasons with 48 of teenagers who go through adolescence having some amount of breast development.

It can happen when the balance of two hormones in your body is thrown off. An increase in estrogen which is typically a hormone in woman gets to a level that matches something called androgens which are your male hormones. Also called inaccurately by the way congenital or.

More than 65 of 14-year-old males experience a. If you have enlarged breasts because of fat. Why Do I Have Gynecomastia.

Monday, March 30, 2020

Walgreens Retail Pharmacy

Below is a list of the. Find jobs by store location.

Retail Pharmacy In Place To Deliver On Last Mile Expectations Walgreens Coo Says Drug Store News

Pharmacy segment will likely add 235 billion over 2016-20 107 of 22 billion in expected revenue change.

Walgreens retail pharmacy. Your go-to for Pharmacy Health Wellness and Photo products. Zacks Equity Research Zacks Published. 2018-2020 by division Walgreens number of stores in the US.

Expect to see fewer front-of-store. Sat 7am-11pm Sun 7am-11pm. As Americas most.

In addition to retail pharmacy Walgreens offers opportunities in clinics specialty pharmacy infusion pharmacy and in various corporate settings. Our Retail Pharmacy International division has pharmacy-led health and beauty retail businesses in eight countries each focused on helping people look and feel their best. Our division operates 9021 drugstores in 50 states the District of Columbia Puerto Rico and the US.

Refill prescriptions online order items for delivery or store pickup and create Photo Gifts. Our division operates 4428 retail stores with a growing omnichannel and online presence. On Jun 17 we issued an.

Together they form one of the largest drugstore chains in the US. As a Walgreens pharmacist or pharmacy technician youll have numerous opportunities for career growth and a wide range of locations from which to choose. Jun 18 2020 1147AM EDT.

Reported on Thursday Jan. Walgreens one of the nations largest drugstore chains is included in the Retail Pharmacy USA Division of Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc the first global pharmacy-led health and wellbeing enterprise. The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program for COVID-19 Vaccination is a collaboration between the federal government states and territories and 21 national pharmacy partners and independent pharmacy networks to increase access to COVID-19 vaccination across the United States.

Our Retail Pharmacy USA divisions principal retail pharmacy brands are Walgreens and Duane Reade. 2005-2020 Number of prescriptions flled by Walgreens in the US. View this and more full-time part-time jobs in Rockledge FL on Snagajob.

Pharmacy technicians at Walgreens enjoy many benefits including health dental and vision insurance 401K packages profit sharing paid vacation and holidays store discounts and free flu shots. Walgreens has over 9500 stores in all 50 states the District of Columbia Puerto Rico and the US. Walgreens has rolled out a new kind of store that shrinks down its square footage and focuses on the pharmacy.

Walgreens pharmacy retail sales in the US. The efforts came at a cost - same-store sales at its retail stores. Apply for a Walgreens Retail Pharmacy Intern job in Rockledge FL.

Walgreens Retail Pharmacy Grows Amid Coronavirus Crisis. View Pharmacy hours refill prescriptions online and get directions to Walgreens. The figure is higher than 100 as Retail segment has seen a.

Mon-Fri 9am-9pm Sat 9am-6pm Sun 10am-6pm. WBA a global leader in retail and wholesale pharmacy. Walgreens is also pulling non-profitable items off shelves at its front-end stores and promoting store-brands to boost margins.

Browse available job openings at WALGREENS. Walgreens Pharmacy at 19927 CENTURY BLVD in Germantown MD. Walgreens pharmacy technicians can work in the retail store the CPO Central Pharmacy Operation or they may work in multiple locations.

More than 10 million customers interact with Walgreens each day in communities across America using the most convenient multichannel access. Walgreens Boots Alliance NASDAQ. WBA operates a network of around 14000 retail pharmacy stores globally and it sells pharmacy and retail consumer healthcare products.

7 as part of its Q1 fiscal 2021 results that its Retail Pharmacy USA division had 272 billion in sales marking a. Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc.

What Is Freshpet Dog Food

Freshpet dog food review. Its fresh pet food packed with vitamins and protein.

Freshpet Healthy Natural Dog Food Fresh Beef Roll 1 5lb Walmart Com Walmart Com

Fresh real food that is gently cooked and full of essential nutrients is essential for the healthy life of your pet.

What is freshpet dog food. Freshpet a refrigerated pet food maker that recently opened an expansion facility in Hanover Township Pa is another brand that has fallen short. Freshpet Select Dog Food At Freshpet we believe pets deserve real fresh food that makes a difference in their happy tail-wagging lives. FRESHPET is killing my dog.

Learn about our recipes with high-quality meats and vegetables farmed in America. Here is an overview of FreshPet dog food products. What is Freshpet.

All those high-quality ingredients mean healthier tastier fresh food that dogs cant resist. And unfortunately ingredients are not a good way to evaluate the nutritional value of dog food. The fresh kibble is cooked in a vacuum chamber at low temperatures and.

If your dog has kidney issues or other specific health concerns check with your vet first to see if Freshpet is a good option for your dog. It sounds like there could be an underlying health issue there. Their protein sources are animal-based with no by-products.

Freshpet is a company creating dog foods that are really meant for eating and enjoying. Freshpet Select includes both grain and grain-free rolled dog foods using a notable amount of named meats as its main source of animal protein thus earning the brand 5. The 100000-square-foot facility at 176 N.

Brown rice Large sweet potato Carrots Celery Spinach Peas Green Beans Zucchini Squash Frozen blueberries Apples I also sometimes add beef liver or chicken gizzards andor boiled. Refrigerated dog and cat food no preservatives. Deli Fresh Grain-Free Chicken Recipe bagged meal or roll Select Chunky rolls beef or chicken turkey Select Fresh from the Kitchen Home-Cooked Chicken Recipe Select Rolls grain-free chicken multi-protein or puppy Select Roasted Meals and.

Thats why we make our pet food using only fresh whole high-quality ingredients delivered to our Kitchen daily. Freshpet Vital recipes are 100 Non. You need to speak to your vet about your dogs weight for sure.

Sasha is currently at the vet being treated for kidney failure and liver damageHopeful for a. Boneless skinless chicken breasts or turkey or you can use beef if you wold like. Booming demand as well as a labor shortage in the fourth quarter due to COVID-19 testing and shelter-in-place orders Billy Cyr CEO of Freshpet told The Morning Call.

Freshpet has 240000 square feet of manufacturing space in Hanover Township Northampton County. Overall Freshpet is a very high animal protein dog food which is great for the majority of dogs. FreshPet doesnt meet WSAVA guidelines which are widely considered the most scientific way to evaluate a diet for safety and nutritional quality.

They use locally sourced proteins like chicken and beef fresh vegetables like carrots spinach and sweet potatoes and antioxidant rich fruits like cranberries and blueberries. Commerce Way that has been producing pet food since 2013. Fresh pet food and treats made in the USA with all-natural chicken or beef as the 1 ingredient.

Freshpet dog food and cat food includes refrigerated food rolls and refrigerated fresh cuts of meat vegetables and fruits. The fresh food is human-grade and includes fruits vegetables meats and grains and excludes additives and preservatives. This is the easiest way to get your hands on Fresh Pet foods but if it is not available in your area dont worry.

Freshpet is the first in the fresh dog food category to be distributed across North America and is available in over 20000 stores in Canada the United Kingdom and the Netherlands as well.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

Is Plantain Good For Weight Loss

Plantain flour is a healthy flour that is a great alternative to traditional ones because it has fewer calories. Studies have shown that the low-GI diet may result in weight loss reduce blood sugar levels and lower the risks of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Plantains The Nutrition Facts And Health Benefits

And when you feel full for an extended period of time you dont end up consuming a lot of food.

Is plantain good for weight loss. Ripe plantains are a popular ingredient in desserts but ripening increases their sugar content. Plantain can help with weight loss When it comes to losing weight it is about burning more calories than the calories that one consumes. A half cup of cooked plantains packs almost 3 grams of resistant starch a healthy carb that boosts metabolism and burns fat.

Carbohydrates in unripe plantain. Is boiled plantain good for weight loss. Fibre has no fat-burning properties.

If you compare 150 grams servings plantain flour has 03 grams of fat while regular flour has 26 grams of fat. 13 Help with Weight Loss and Diabetes Treatment Plantains have fiber and fiber helps in keeping the stomach full for longer. Unripe plantain and weight loss work perfectly together.

Green plantains are best boiled like potatoes. A half cup of cooked plantains packs almost 3 grams of resistant starch a healthy carb that boosts metabolism and burns fat. Plantain For Weight Loss.

Fiber and Resistant Starch of unripe plantain. One simple piece of weight loss advice is just to eat more fibre. What fiber also does is restrict blood sugar fluctuations thus preventing hunger pangs.

Research shows that people who eat more fibre can lose as much weight as people on a low-fat diet. Another bonus is that it is lower in fat. Slice off the tips of the plantain cut the fruit in three or four chunks and remove the skin.

Plantain can help with weight loss 100g of plantain provides roughly 8 percent of the recommended daily intake of fiber. But if these veggies are one of your favorites you may be able to fit them in during the maintenance phase of your low-carb diet. One large unripe plantain contains 4 grams of dietary fiber which makes it a perfect fruit for weight loss.

Boil in just enough water to cover the chunks for 20 to. At present the peel of various fruits is concentrated as a natural source of antioxidants and dietary fiber. One large unripe plantain contains 4 grams of dietary fiber which makes.

Health benefits of plantain root juice. A low-carb diet can help you lose weight but it does limit your intake of a variety of healthy veggies including the starchy plantain. Unripe plantain contains a moderate amount of calories.

Brown rice on the other hand has only 1 g less fiber per serving than plantains making it a healthy choice as. However it helps with weight loss because high-fiber foods tend to have a lower energy density which means they. Eating an additional 14 g of fiber each day helped research subjects consume 10 percent fewer calories and lose weight according to Nancy Howarth author of Dietary Fiber and Weight Regulation In a comparison of white rice and plantain the plantain comes out ahead with almost 5 g of fiber.

In respect to this is plantain good for weight loss. Russian scientists have discovered that plantain and its cousin psyllium are both useful for weight loss. The importance of making his recipe is that plantain juice is good for kidney stones helps lose weight controls acidity helps constipation and fights diabetes.

The low-glycemic low-GI diet is based on the concept of the glycemic index GI. Since plantains easily absorb oil the calorie and fat count in a serving can quickly increase. According to Herbal Legacy Those taking 3 grams of plantain with water 30.

Saturday, March 28, 2020

Changing The Electoral College System

Just as in 2016 most states in 2020 were not targeted by. Of keeping the institutional structure of the Electoral College while changing how each state allocates its electoral votes.

Us Election 2020 Can You Only Vote Trump Or Biden And Other Questions Bbc News

The Ramifications of Changing the Electoral College.

Changing the electoral college system. Over the years the Electoral College system itself has changed little although the popular vote has been rightfully guaranteed to millions more previously denied the ability to vote based on race gender and age. In 2016 seven electoral college votes were cast this way but no result has been changed by faithless electors. The Electoral College has survived more efforts to reform or abolish it than any other American political institution.

55 in the new poll say the system should be changed so that the winner of the popular vote nationwide wins the presidency while 43 favor keeping the Electoral College system. Hal Daub of Nebraska. In the first instance states could decide to award 2 Electoral College votes EVs to the winner of the national popular vote NPV and the remainder to the.

These are all Hail Mary efforts to change the outcome of the election which is to say they are extremely unlikely to succeed. Changing the electoral college system will not be easy. Now the states nonpartisan unicameral legislature may go a step further and abolish the district-based electoral college system altogether said former Republican US.

Proposals include completely eliminating the Electoral College and replace it with the nationwide popular vote. The electoral college could also be dealt with on a state-level. A second criticism of the electoral college is its winner-take-all character.

Some argue the system can be reformed without changing the Constitution and that the real problem with the Electoral College stems from 48 states using a winner-take-all method in awarding its states electors. Some states are considering a change in how they allocate their electoral votes but the change may not be good for governance. The current balance of opinion is little changed over the last few years.

In particular to allocate electoral votes within a state consider replacing the winner- take-all system by a proportional system. There have been more proposals for Constitutional amendments on changing the Electoral College than on any other subject according. With more than a dozen Democrats now in the race for the 2020 presidential nomination talk is again turning to the final deciders the members of the Electoral College.

There are two ways of changing the system. The first a constitutional amendment the second action at a state level. In fact two states Maine and.

Alan Duff The 2000 presidential election between the primary candidates Al Gore and George Bush resulted in one of the closest presidential races in the history of the United States 11 years ago. First it is important to recognize that the Electoral College process leads candidates to ignore a majority of states across the country. Two variants of a propor-tional system are a perfect proportional system using fractions and an integral proportional system using whole.

Most states have a winner-take-all system that awards all the votes of a states Electoral College electors to the presidential candidate who obtains the most electoral votes in that state. There is nothing in the constitution mandating winner-take-all. How to Change or Abolish the Electoral College The electoral college is written into the Constitution and thus it can be abolished by a federal Constitutional.

The Electoral College system was established by Article II Section 1 of the US Constitution drafted in 1787. If Floridas 25 electoral votes had been split 13 for George Bush and 12 for Al Gore then Al Gore would now be president. Ideas for Reforming the Electoral College The National Archives has documents of more than 700 proposals for reforming the electoral college that have been submitted in our history.

In the end it was thanks to the Electoral College and the winner-take-all process that George Bush was able to. The Electoral College is surprisingly vulnerable to popular vote changes July 15 2020 813am EDT In the 2000 US. Individuals states do have some freedom to change how their electors are chosen and experts have floated proposals for reforming the system without a constitutional amendment.

In 2012 however Obama failed to repeat the victory due in part to changes in the district lines in the interim that favored the GOP. A modest majority of Americans continue to favor changing the way presidents are elected as they did in a January 2020 survey. A constitutional amendment is seen as impossible to achieve.

It would require 34 of the states to approve it and seems unlikely in these highly partisan times to expect the needed number of states to approve any change. We can use the same customs and state-based. The alternative change could take place at a state level.

It has been a source of discontent for more than 200 years Over 700 proposals to reform or eliminate the system have been introduced in Congress making it one of the most popular topics of constitutional reform. The manner for choosing electors is regulated by state law. Presidential election changing just 269 votes in Florida from George W.

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Foot Thinning Surgery

Full recovery will take a. Most foot surgery is elective and can take place at the podiatrists office in a hospital or at an.

Toe Shortening Foot First Podiatry Centers

Is the toe next to your big toe very long.

Foot thinning surgery. With procedures designed to reduce the recovery time and provide aesthetically pleasing results in the most technologically advanced practices we strive to reset the bar of excellence in foot surgery every day. It would not be easy. Draining of an abscess caused by staph infection.

To minimize swelling the foot must be kept up most of the time. When a joint has extensive damage and is causing chronic pain fusion surgery may be recommended. This also requires ensuring removal of the nerve far enough back so that the nerve doesnt continue to become impinged at the ball of the foot.

Dont worryyou wont be able to see anything. During an interview he stated that feetankles thinning is just like any other plastic surgery and as such it helps patients embarrassed by their own feet to gain self-confidence. After the operation you will have your foot in a plaster cast.

Different Types of Foot Surgery Achilles Tendon Repair. This can be the ideal surgery for people that are on their feet a lot but have to wear heels because of their jobs. During surgery the foot is usually numbed but the patient stays awake.

It is used to treat a wide range of conditions including arthritis flat feet rheumatoid arthritis and previous injuries such as fractures caused by wear and tear to bones and cartilage. Failure to Resolve ALL Symptoms. When the foot is lowered it will throb and swell.

Foot surgery is usually recommended by your podiatrist to relieve pain correct a foot deformity or restore function in your foot andor ankle. The Beverly Hills Aesthetic Foot Surgery in Studio City California is among those providing an array of operations including its trademarked Cinderella procedure a preventive bunion. After two to three weeks you will be able to keep your foot down.

A hammertoe surgery typically takes 1 hour to perform. Raikin would make multiple incisions and then cut hammer saw and sew the foot into a more normal shape. For this reason many foot surgeons do not routinely give blood thinners following foot surgery if there are no major blood clotting risk factors.

Foot fusion surgery is carried out to permanently join or stiffen the joint between arthritic bones. This bleeding risk can increase the risk of wound healing problems and infection. It is used to treat a wide range of conditions including arthritis flat feet rheumatoid arthritis and previous injuries such as fractures caused by wear and tear to bones and cartilage.

Foot fusion surgery is carried out to permanently join or stiffen the joint between arthritic bones. And the recuperating period for hammertoe foot surgery including removal of stitches and occasional dressing is about 6 weeks. Some pain may still be present even after a successful foot or ankle surgery.

This should be avoided. Low-grade fevers less than or equal to 1005 degrees during the first week after surgery. Neuroma surgery involves removing a benign enlargement of a nerve which may be causing tinglingburningnumbness to certain toes usually between the metatarsal heads in the ball of the foot.

Low-grade fevers that last after one week or those that are above 1005 degrees at any time after surgery may not be normal. Heel Or Plantar Fascia Surgery. Many women report feeling like they can walk in heels with ease after they have this procedure done.

This tends to occur when ones foot swells after surgery. This soft tissue surgery tends to have a shorter recovery time than bone procedures but it leaves some residual numbness related to the removal of the piece of nerve tissue. Over time you will be able to increase the time that your foot is lowered.

Evo Advanced Foot Surgery is the Worlds first practice designed around the patient experience. You may want to consider shortening surgery. This surgery generally involves making an incision on the top of the foot so the nerve can carefully be removed.

When the thick tendon that connects the back of the heel to the calf muscles is torn surgery is. Many times it is a last resort and final option for treatment of a foot problem condition or injury. How long the surgery lasts depends on whats plaguing your foot.

And once the surgery is complete it is recommended to limit your walking activities for the next few days.

What Is Donald Trump's Number

That big story is the fact that Trumps new numbers represent a double-digit tumble from a Gallup poll. Our team is comprised of reporters w...